ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Citrullinated peptides as drug candidates for rheumatoid arthritis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Oral-Gut-Immune-Nutrition Axis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Fibrinogen in extracellular matrix remodeling: functional switching, source heterogeneity, and biomaterial translation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involves a breakdown of immune tolerance to citrullinated proteins, leading to chronic inflammation and joint damage. Despite advances in treatment, achieving long-term remission remains a major challenge. Restoring immune tolerance to citrullinated proteins represents a promising strategy to halt disease progression and establish lasting remission. This review examines the potential of using citrullinated proteins or peptides to reestablish immune tolerance in RA. It explores the potential role of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) in disease pathology and how utilizing or targeting specific citrullinated antigens could modulate immune responses. The review also highlights the therapeutic relevance of altering T and B cell function to regulate immune state. We explore mechanisms through which tolerance can be induced, including the use of citrullinated peptides to promote regulatory T (Treg) cell expansion and alter pathogenic B cell subsets. Emerging strategies aimed at re-educating the immune system are discussed, focusing on their potential to provide effective and durable treatment outcomes. These tolerance-based approaches are evaluated for their capacity to shift the immune response away from autoimmunity and towards sustained remission.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.