ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2025
Associations Between REM Sleep-like Posture Expression and Cognitive Flexibility in 2-Month-Old Japanese Black Calves.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sleep supports brain development and adaptability, yet its relationship with cognitive performance in farm animals remains unclear. This study examined the association between a behavioral indicator of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the REM sleep-like posture (RSLP), and cognitive ability in Japanese Black calves. Twenty two-month-old calves (11 males and 9 females; 88.0 ± 11.0 kg) were continuously video-recorded for 48 h to quantify daily RSLP time, frequency, and bout duration. Calves then performed associative and reversal learning tasks using color cues paired with rewarding (sweet) or aversive (acidic) fluids. Daily RSLP time, frequency, and bout duration were 220.9 ± 67.3 min/day, 34.9 ± 10.0 bouts/day, and 6.8 ± 2.1 min/bout. Fifteen calves (7 males and 8 females) reached the associative learning criterion, while five (1 female and 4 males) did not. No association was found with associative learning, whereas calves with longer daily RSLP time required fewer rounds to reach the reversal learning criterion (r = -0.56,
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.