ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2025
β-Blockers in the Environment: Challenges in Understanding Their Persistence and Ecological Impact.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Incorporating a Screening-Level Risk Quotient (RQ_screen) for Assessing Human Health Risk of Pharmaceutical Residues in Consumption Water.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
β-blockers are among the most highly consumed cardiovascular drugs worldwide, resulting in their classification as persistent and bioactive pharmaceutical pollutants. This review provides a mechanistically oriented synthesis of their environmental release, stereochemical and matrix-dependent transformation, biotic and abiotic degradation, and the ecotoxicological significance of their degradation products. Wastewater treatment plants are identified as the primary, yet variably efficient, emission sources to aquatic systems. Molecular structure, chirality, and interactions with environmental matrices are highlighted as key factors influencing transformation behaviour and residue persistence. Current evidence indicates that β-blockers and several transformation products retain pharmacological activity, driving organism- and community-level effects at environmentally relevant exposures. Major limitations in the field stem from methodological heterogeneity and uneven regional and temporal coverage, which continue to weaken long-term risk evaluation. By unifying analytical chemistry, pharmacological mechanistics, and environmental toxicology evidence, this review advances the narrative from descriptive occurrence reports toward systematic evaluation of transformation product persistence, mechanism-dependent residue stability, and their ecological implications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.