ReviewCancers2025
Association Between Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Extraesophageal Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gaps in awareness and clinical practices regarding GERD among healthcare physicians in Pakistan.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Reflux esophagitis patients exhibit reduced gastric tolerance, impaired slow-wave activity and esophageal dysmotility.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesThe association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and extraesophageal malignancies remains unclear. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the relationship between GERD and these cancers.
methodsPubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for studies reporting risk estimates-risk ratios (RRs), odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratios (HRs), or standardized incidence ratios (SIRs)-of GERD and extraesophageal malignancies. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies with available risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were also included. Pooled estimates with 95% CIs were calculated using a random-effects model.
resultsAs of 21 May 2025, a total of 37 studies were included in the analysis. GERD was significantly associated with an increased risk of several extraesophageal malignancies, including pharyngeal cancer (pooled RR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.38-3.02), with a particularly high risk observed for hypopharyngeal cancer (RR = 2.95; 95% CI: 1.99-4.37; I
conclusionsOur findings suggest that GERD may be a significant risk factor for pharyngeal, laryngeal and lung cancers. Appropriate evaluation and surveillance in patients with GERD may be warranted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.