ArticlePolymers2025
Engineering Glutathione Peroxidase-Loaded Polymeric Nanogels Through a Grafting-To Route for Enhanced Enzyme Stability and Activity.
Article in Polymers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Development of PSMA-Targeted Liposomal Zinc for Prostate Cancer Therapy.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Research progress in immobilized nanozymes based on hybrid nanoflowers, MOFs and nanogels.Mikrochimica acta · 2026Review
- Targeting the HIF-1α/PPARγ axis with curcumin carbon dots to combat uranium nephrotoxicity.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- HJournal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Recent advances in stimuli-responsive nanomaterials for the treatment of acute kidney injury.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Self-fueling catalysis-driven membrane destabilization triggers CSC-enriched tumors ablation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Chitosan-Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Co-Loaded with Curcumin and Amphotericin B: A Drug Delivery Approach for Photodynamic Inhibition of Dual-Species Biofilms.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Tetrandrine-based in situ vaccination via multifunctional Mn²⁺-hyaluronic acid hydrogel loading gelatinase-responsive nanoparticles.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- A CD54-targeted magneto-responsive nanotheranostic for precision treatment of viral pneumonia via CTSB-mediated PANoptosis inhibition.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Structure-dependent incorporation of terpenes into amphiphilic Poly(2-oxazoline) micelles.Biomedical microdevices · 2026Article
- AI and Machine Learning for Proteomics-Driven Drug Discovery: Methods, Tools, and Best Practices.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Modular assembly of nanocomposite hydrogel with NIR-responsive black phosphorus release and mild photothermal synergy for enhanced regenerative microenvironment and accelerated infectious bone repair.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Review
- Potential of R Wave in aVL Lead in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Advances of curcumin-loaded hydrogels for multimodal cancer therapeutics.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- An immunomodulatory hydrogel featuring antibacterial and ROS-scavenging functions for enhanced burn wound healing.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
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Abstract
Nanogels provide unique opportunities for stabilizing fragile enzymes through soft, hydrated polymer networks. Here, we report the development of a glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-loaded nanogel (GPxNG) engineered via a mild "grafting-to" epoxy-amine coupling strategy to enhance enzyme stability and antioxidant function. An amphiphilic copolymer composed of methacrylated 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl (PMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was synthesized by controlled reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization using a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macro-chain transfer agent (macro-CTA), yielding well-defined polymer chains with reactive epoxy groups. Covalent conjugation between polymer epoxides and GPx enzyme surface amines generated soft, PEGylated nanogels with high coupling efficiency, uniform particle sizes, and excellent colloidal stability. The engineered nanogels exhibited shear-thinning injectability, robust storage stability, and non-cytotoxic behavior in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compared with native GPx enzyme, GPxNGs demonstrated significantly enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity, including strong inhibition of lipid peroxidation and copper-induced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Importantly, the nanogels preserved GPx enzyme activity after extended storage, freeze-thaw cycles, and repeated catalytic use, whereas the free enzyme rapidly lost function. This protective effect arises from the nanoscale confinement of the GPx enzyme within the flexible PEG-based network, which limits unfolding and aggregation. Overall, this work introduces a simple and biocompatible "grafting-to" nanogel platform capable of stabilizing redox-active enzymes without harsh conditions. The GPx nanogels combine high enzymatic preservation, potent antioxidant activity, and excellent handling properties, highlighting their potential as a therapeutic nanoplatform for mitigating oxidative stress-associated disorders such as atherosclerosis.
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