ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Decoding the Feeling: Investigating the Vibration Used in Sim Racing Steering Wheel Haptic Feedback.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Explaining Driver Behavior in Sim Racing with Shannon Entropy and LLM Feedback.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHaptic technology has long been integrated into simulated (sim) environments to create a sense of realism and improve performance. In sim racing, force and vibrotactile feedback have been implemented into steering wheels to create a more realistic experience. However, little is understood about how these types of feedback convey information to the sim racer. This study aimed to decode the vibration frequencies transferred through the steering wheel to the user and investigate how these frequencies vary as the strength of each feedback channel is manipulated.
methodsUsing a Noraxon Ultium EMG accelerometer, the movements of a Logitech G Pro sim racing wheel were recorded whilst four participants completed five clean laps across nine different conditions. During each condition, a combination of force feedback (0 nm, 6 nm, or 11 nm) and vibrotactile feedback (0%, 50%, or 100%) settings were altered. Accelerometer data were pre-processed and Fast Fourier Transforms were performed to allow examination of signal power at frequencies of up to 200 Hz. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs were performed to investigate differences in power at relevant frequencies across conditions and laps.
resultsWheel motion was predominantly contained within the 0-5 Hz (force feedback and racer input) and 25-30 Hz ranges. No significant differences were seen in 0-5 Hz power between conditions, but the 25-30 Hz range was observed to exponentially increase as vibrotactile feedback was linearly increased. Finally, 25-30 Hz power at a fixed vibrotactile feedback intensity significantly decreased when the force feedback intensity was increased. DISCUSSION AND
conclusionsThis study decodes the haptic feedback relayed to the user through a sim racing wheel and highlights atypical changes to signal amplitude across various frequency bands when altering force and vibrotactile feedback intensity.
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Registered trials
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