A Compact Trowel-Shaped Antenna for Next-Generation 6G Wireless Communication Systems.

Permanand Soothar, Hao Wang, Zaheer Ahmed Dayo, Fatima Ghulam Kakepoto, Faisal Karim Shaikh

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Permanand SootharSchool of Electronic Engineering & Optoelectronic Technology, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 910024, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6785-1366

Hao WangSchool of Electronic Engineering & Optoelectronic Technology, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 910024, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8207-9055

Zaheer Ahmed DayoCollege of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Huanggang Normal University (HGNU), Huanggang 438000, China.ORCID 0000-0001-5033-3688

Fatima Ghulam KakepotoProvincial Key Laboratory of Solid-State Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.ORCID 0009-0006-9939-7264

Faisal Karim ShaikhDepartment of Telecommunication Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Sindh, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-4692-6696

Funding

university research development (R&D) and innovation fund of the Science and Technology 2042022006

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This article introduces the design of a trowel-shaped planar antenna (TSPA) with high-performance features. Wideband Impedance bandwidth, high gain, excellent radiation efficiency, and stable radiation patterns are achieved by using a trowel-shaped radiator, a triangular tapered feed line, and a partial ground plane. The antenna exhibits broad impedance bandwidth from 15 GHz to 54 GHz, with an impressive fractional ratio of 113.05% at S

Indexed as

6Gcompacthigh-performancenext generationtrowel-shaped antennawidebandwireless communication systems

Identifiers

PMID41374599

DOI10.3390/s25237224

PMCPMC12694279

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.