ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025
SAR-Constrained Wireless Power Transfer Modeling for an Implantable Optical Neurostimulator Sensors.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study investigates the optimal operating conditions for an implantable photonic stimulation device, focusing on energy delivery efficiency and electromagnetic safety in biological tissue. COMSOL Multiphysics simulations were conducted to evaluate key light source parameters, including wavelength, output power, and incident angle. A transmitting RF coil was designed at a 1.35 MHz resonance frequency for wireless power transfer (WPT), and its resonant characteristics were analyzed using inductance and capacitance values. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) simulations were performed with a 10 g hemispherical averaging region following international safety standards. Results showed that light absorption was maximized in the cerebellum and cerebrospinal fluid at a wavelength of 660 nm, with a 20° incident angle enabling the deepest tissue penetration. In vascular reflectance analysis, 660 nm wavelength produced the largest reflectance variation (∆R) across cardiac cycles and the lowest overall reflectance, indicating its suitability for optical biosignal detection and neural stimulation. SAR analysis demonstrated an average value of 0.0074 W/kg and a peak value of 0.82 W/kg, both substantially below the 2 W/kg safety threshold. These findings confirm that the proposed device design meets optical performance and biocompatibility requirements, highlighting its potential as a next-generation platform for precision phototherapy and future neurotherapeutic applications.
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Registered trials
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