Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41374487›Full record

Trial reportSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

A Sensor-Augmented Telerehabilitation System for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Neuromuscular, Functional, and Psychosocial Outcomes.

Theodora Plavoukou, Panagiotis Kasnesis, Amalia Contiero Syropoulou, Georgios Papagiannis, Dimitrios Stasinopoulos, George Georgoudis

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06416332 (Development and Implementation of a Tele -Rehabilitation System for Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06416332 naunknown statusnot on this map

Development and Implementation of a Tele -Rehabilitation System for Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis (Aged 40-70 Years, Kellgren Grade 1-3 and Lawrence )

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of West AtticaRan2022 to 2024Enrolled34ConditionsKnee Osteoarthritis, Knee Osteoarthritis \(OA\), TelerehabilitationArmsgroup A: in face to face live therapeutic exercise, group B: telerehabilitation program
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Theodora PlavoukouLaboratory of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Egaleo Campus, 12243 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0009-0008-1947-6689
Panagiotis KasnesisDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, 12241 Egaleo, Greece.
Amalia Contiero SyropoulouDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, 12241 Egaleo, Greece.
Georgios PapagiannisBiomechanics Laboratory, Physiotherapy Department, University of the Peloponnese, 23100 Sparta, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-2846-1031
Dimitrios StasinopoulosLaboratory of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Egaleo Campus, 12243 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-8498-9343
George GeorgoudisLaboratory of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Egaleo Campus, 12243 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-3274-8251

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundKnee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition associated with pain, functional limitation, and reduced quality of life. Telerehabilitation has emerged as a scalable intervention, yet many platforms lack neuromuscular feedback or objective-monitoring capabilities. The KneE-PAD system uniquely integrates electromyographic and inertial sensing to provide personalized feedback and remote performance tracking.

objectiveTo evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a sensor-augmented telerehabilitation system (KneE-PAD) compared to conventional face-to-face physiotherapy in older adults with mild-to-moderate knee OA.

methodsIn this single-blind randomized controlled trial, 42 older adults (mean age 68.4 ± 5.7 years) were randomly assigned to either KneE-PAD telerehabilitation or conventional physiotherapy for eight weeks. KneE-PAD sessions incorporated real-time electromyographic and motion feedback, while physiotherapists remotely supervised training. Assessments were performed at baseline, post-intervention, and 12-week follow-up. Primary outcomes included quadriceps strength, neuromuscular activation, and WOMAC scores. Secondary outcomes covered functional mobility, psychological distress, self-efficacy, and fear of movement.

resultsThe telerehabilitation group demonstrated notable improvements in neuromuscular activation, quadriceps strength, and functional capacity, all exceeding clinically meaningful thresholds. Functional mobility and pain outcomes showed substantial gains compared with the control group, while psychological indicators (self-efficacy and depressive symptoms) exhibited modest but positive trends. Between-group comparisons consistently favored KneE-PAD, with effects maintained at the 12-week follow-up, confirming both clinical and functional robustness.

conclusionsSensor-augmented telerehabilitation using the KneE-PAD platform appears to be a feasible and potentially effective alternative to conventional physiotherapy for knee OA. By combining real-time feedback, motor learning reinforcement, and remote monitoring, the system may enhance neuromuscular and functional recovery. These findings should be confirmed in larger and longer-term trials.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06416332.

Indexed as

Osteoarthritis, KneeTelerehabilitationAgedElectromyographyFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedQuality of LifeSingle-Blind MethodTreatment Outcomedigital physiotherapyknee osteoarthritisKneE-PADrandomized controlled trialsurface electromyographytelerehabilitation

Identifiers

PMID41374487
PMCPMC12693843

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.