ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Development of a Cost-Effective Multiparametric Probe for Continuous Real-Time Monitoring of Aquatic Environments.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Continuous, real-time measurements are essential for informed water resource management and the development of strategies for the protection of aquatic ecosystems. Traditional methods of water quality assessment often fail to adequately capture seasonal trends, and the frequency and rapidity of fluctuations. To address this challenge, a standalone, low-cost (<EUR 1000), autonomous multisensor prototype for remote assessment was developed. The design of the system was optimized with a hardware-centric approach to minimize costs, whilst providing reliability and high precision and accuracy. Based on embedded systems and capable of long-range communication through GSM/GPRS, the device operates with minimal human intervention, ensuring timely data availability for analysis and decision-making. The multisensor instrument determines four important water quality parameters: pH, conductivity, temperature, and water level. Calibration and sensitivity analyses were performed; 1000 measurements per sensor indicated distributions consistent with normality for pH, conductivity, and water level. The results demonstrated high performance in pH measurements (mean: 5.65 on the Sørensen scale, R
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