Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41373814›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

Improved HIV-1 Subtyping Accuracy Using near Full-Length Sequencing: A Comparison of Common Tools.

Flavia Smoquina, Giulia Berno, Federica Forbici, Giuseppe Sberna, Gabriella Rozera, Isabella Abbate, Elisabetta Lazzari, Alessandra Amendola, Valentina Mazzotta, Roberta Gagliardini and 4 more

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Flavia SmoquinaLaboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosafety, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
Giulia BernoLaboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosafety, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0331-2627
Federica ForbiciLaboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosafety, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
Giuseppe SbernaLaboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosafety, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0955-2074
Gabriella RozeraLaboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosafety, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
Isabella AbbateLaboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosafety, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4154-2434
Elisabetta LazzariLaboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosafety, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0009-0008-0558-0610
Alessandra AmendolaLaboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosafety, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7063-0222
Valentina MazzottaClinical and Research Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0240-7504
Roberta GagliardiniClinical and Research Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6351-2623
Andrea AntinoriClinical and Research Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2121-4684
Enrico GirardiScientific Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8182-5896
Fabrizio MaggiLaboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosafety, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7489-5271
Lavinia FabeniLaboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosafety, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2975-8611

Funding

INMI L. Spallanzani, IRCCS Ricerca Corrente Linea 2, Progetto 1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The extensive genetic diversity of HIV-1, also represented by the circulation of multiple subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), poses significant challenges for accurate subtype classification, especially when sequencing is limited to partial genomic regions. This study evaluated the performance of four commonly used automated subtyping tools (Stanford HIVdb, COMET, REGA, and Geno2pheno) by comparing their outputs with molecular phylogenetic analysis (Mphy), considered the gold standard, using three NGS-derived sequence data sets: protease-reverse transcriptase (PR-RT),

Indexed as

HIV-1HIV InfectionsGenetic VariationGenome, ViralHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansPhylogenycirculating recombinant formsgenetic diversityHIV-1HIV-1 subtypesmolecular phylogenynear full-lengthnext generation sequencingsubtyping automated toolswhole genome sequencing

Identifiers

PMID41373814
PMCPMC12691708

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.