ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Lack of Negative Feedback Loops of CTLA-4 and PD-L1 as Key Mechanisms for Post-Acute T Cell Activation Until 3 Months After Ischemic Stroke.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The kallikrein-kinin system modulates CD4Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Gene Expression of JAK2, STAT3, miRNA-155, and miRNA-216a in Young Adults with Acute Ischemic Stroke.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Post-stroke T lymphocytes exert differential effects both at the infarction site and systemically; these are pro-inflammatory cascades, subsequent T cell infiltration into the brain, and persisting interaction of infiltrating T lymphocytes (more specifically a subset of CD4- CD8-double-negative T cells (DNTs)). Moreover, brain-resident microglia cells exacerbate the parenchymal damage. The acute peripheral immune response is characterized by lymphopenia and persisting activation of circulating T lymphocytes. In the temporal course, it is supposed that anti-inflammatory mechanisms in general and especially the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype of microglia cells help to recover the functionality of brain parenchyma. We assessed the long-term temporal course of peripheral blood T cell activation post stroke as well as the interaction of pan-T cells or DNTs with microglia cells ex vivo. T cell subpopulations (CD4
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Registered trials
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