ArticleJournal of cannabis research2025
From deficiency to toxicity: Magnesium increases cannabinoid and terpene production in cannabis plants.
Article in Journal of cannabis research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Heavy metals in cannabis: plant contamination and effects on cannabinoid production.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol-DominantNutrients · 2026Article
- The power of zinc: excess and deficiency of Zn decrease cannabinoids in cannabis without Zn toxicity concerns to consumers.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Hydrodistillation-Based Essential Oil Extraction and Soda Pulping of Spent Hemp Biomass for Sustainable Fiber Production.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe biological-therapeutic activity of medical cannabis is based on a wide range of secondary metabolites, including terpenes and the cannabis-specific cannabinoids, which are produced to the highest concentrations in the plants’ unfertilized inflorescences. Recent evidence demonstrate effects of exogenous factors on cannabinoid and terpene profiles in cannabis, with substantial impact to the macronutrients N,P,K. However, knowledge on effects of most other essential mineral-nutrients, including magnesium (Mg), is lacking. Mg-availability is of potential relevance for the pharmaceutical-profile of cannabis, as it is required for activity of key enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway of cannabinoids and terpenes, and for the formation of Geranyl-diphosphate (GPP) that involves in the biosynthesis of both specialized secondary-metabolite groups. The present study thus evaluated the hypothesis that Mg-supply affects cannabinoid and terpene biosynthesis in cannabis, in addition to its effect on plant-function, and in relation to induced-changes to the plant-organs ionome.
methodsTo test the hypothesis, cannabis plants were grown under five Mg levels ranging 2–140 mg L−1 (ppm), and morpho-physiology analyses, cannabinoid and terpene profiles of inflorescences from two developmental-orders, and ionome-profiling of the plant-organs were conducted. The wide concentration rage studied was aimed to pinpoint the optimal supply concentrations for plant morpho-physiology and secondary-metabolite production, and the deficiency and toxicity concentration thresholds for the reproductive stage.
resultsThe results revealed high sensitivity of cannabinoid and terpene biosynthesis to Mg, thus supporting the hypothesis. Morpho-physiological function, and concentrations of the specialized metabolites were restricted by low Mg-availability of 2–20 mg L−1, and were optimal under the supply treatment of 35 mg L−1 Mg. While under over-supply levels of 70–140 mg L−1 Mg, which impacted physiological-function and reduced reproductive biomass by 12.5%, secondary-metabolism remained unharmed.
conclusionsTaken together, the results reveal that 35 mg L−1 Mg is within the optimal range for excelled yield quantity as well as quality, i.e., high secondary metabolite production, with suppression of cannabinoid and terpene production under lower or higher Mg supply.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.