ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2025
Sclerotherapy embolism: a novel etiology for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease.
Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) includes both chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and disease without pulmonary hypertension. Although the main cause of CTEPH is mostly due to thromboembolic events, other rare non-thrombotic etiologies may also contribute to chronic pulmonary artery obstruction. This case series presents a unique observation of foreign material embolization related to prior sclerotherapy procedures, confirmed histopathologically after pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA).
methodsFrom a prospectively maintained database of 1,105 patients undergoing PEA between 2011 and 2025, four patients (three women and one man; median age 32.5 years, range: 28-41) with a history of sclerotherapy were identified. All underwent sclerotherapy for varicose vein treatment. They were referred for surgery with a preoperative diagnosis of CTEPD, with or without pulmonary hypertension. The final diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination of surgical specimens.
resultsAll four patients had segmental or lobar perfusion defects and vascular obstruction consistent with organized embolic material. Preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was 24.3 ± 7.4 mmHg, and mean pulmonary vascular resistance (mPVR) was 219.3 ± 104.6 dyn·s/cm⁻⁵. Although the surgery was challenging because of difficulty establishing dissection plane, no perioperative morbidity or mortality occurred. Postoperative hemodynamic improvement was observed, with mPAP reduced to 16.3 ± 1.5 and mean PVR to 119.3 ± 45.8 dyn·s/cm⁻⁵ (p > 0.05). The mean six-minute walk test distance increased from 381.5 ± 63.2 m preoperatively to 470.0 ± 66.8 m after surgery (p > 0.05). Histopathological analysis confirmed the presence of sclerotherapy-related foreign material in all cases. All patients had unilateral lobar obstruction. During a median follow-up of 50 months, no mortality or recurrence of symptoms or pulmonary hypertension was observed.
conclusionsThis report is the first case series to document a direct histopathological link between sclerotherapy and chronic pulmonary artery obstruction. These findings emphasize the need to consider iatrogenic etiologies in patients with unexplained pulmonary vascular disease and support the diagnostic and therapeutic value of PEA in selected cases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.