Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41372754›Full record

ArticleHarm reduction journal2025

Common data elements for criminal legal system involvement for people who use drugs.

Bradley Ray, Mia Christopher, Lissette M Saavedra, Jessica Cance, David Seal, Rachel Gicquelais, Caitlin Conway, Dora Illei, Leo Beletsky

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Harm reduction journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Bradley RayRTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. bradleyray@rti.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3643-775X
Mia ChristopherRTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Lissette M SaavedraRTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Jessica CanceRTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
David SealTulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Rachel GicquelaisUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
Caitlin ConwayUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
Dora IlleiRTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Leo BeletskyNortheastern University, Boston, USA.

Funding

RTI HEAL Harm Reduction Network Coordination CenterU24DA057611 · NIDA · RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE · PI Jessica Duncan Cance · 2024 to 2026
$8.1M
NIDA NIH HHS 3U24DA057611-03S1NIDA NIH HHS U24 DA057611
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The United States' legal responses to substance use and addiction have led to frequent interactions between people who use drugs (PWUD) and criminal-legal systems. Interactions with policing, courts, detention facilities, and community supervision can shape health risk and disrupt access to services. Behavioral health and harm reduction organizations also frequently experience law enforcement interference on the program level. To better understand this structural determinant of PWUD health, we developed survey measures that assess PWUD's contact with criminal-legal systems across 10 harm reduction studies. Using input from experts and leveraging the National Institutes of Health Research on Interventions for Stability & Engagement network, the survey captures a broad range of legal interactions. The resulting measures enhance comparability across studies, informing policies that address the complex relationship between criminal-legal involvement and health outcomes for PWUD, particularly in overdose prevention efforts.

Indexed as

Criminal LawDrug UsersHarm ReductionSubstance-Related DisordersHumansLaw EnforcementUnited StatesCommon data elementsCriminal-legal systemsDelphiPersons who use drugsSurvey measures

Identifiers

PMID41372754
PMCPMC12696887

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.