ArticlePharmaceutical research2026
Investigation of Phytol as an Inhibitor of the Efflux Pump (QacA/B) in Staphylococcus aureus: in silico and in vitro Studies.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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18 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveStaphylococcus aureus is a microorganism that can behave as a commensal or as a life-threatening pathogen. Its remarkable capacity to acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents, particularly through mechanisms such as efflux pumps, places it among the major contributors to global morbidity and mortality. In this study, the acyclic diterpene phytol was investigated for its potential as an efflux pump inhibitor (EPI). Molecular docking was performed to evaluate its interaction with the QacA/B efflux pump, followed by in silico prediction of ADMET properties. In addition, the inhibitory effect of phytol on efflux activity was assessed in vitro against S. aureus.
methodsTo this end, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined through serial microdilution in broth. The evaluation of efflux pump inhibition was assessed by measuring the reduction in MIC of ampicillin and ethidium bromide (EtBr) when combined with phytol at sub-inhibitory concentrations (MIC/8).
resultsDocking results showed that phytol has an average binding affinity of -4.7 kcal/mol with QacA, interacting with several amino acids at the binding site, additionally, the ADMET evaluation reveals Phytol as a promising compound for demonstrating low toxicological capacity.
conclusionsHowever, despite the in silico interactions, the diterpene did not demonstrate direct antibacterial activity nor did it reduce the MIC of ampicillin or ethidium bromide, indicating that it does not function as an EPI.
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