ReviewCancer gene therapy2026
Pleiotropic effects of all-trans retinoic acid in attenuating the hallmarks of colorectal cancer- challenges and scope of differentiation therapy.
Review in Cancer gene therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- New Treatment Strategy and Future Research Direction for BRAF-Mutated Cancer.Cancer science · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a heterogenous malignancy, attributed by a vast array of mutations that govern the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. The underlying molecular mechanism of CRC recurrence is diverse and complex, in which cancer stem cells (CSCs) remain a major determinant of therapy discontinuation and refractoriness. In contrast to reigning cytotoxic therapies in abolishing cancer cells, leveraging the cytodifferentiation approach offers an effective modality while sparing normal cells. The concept of differentiation therapy fosters from the notion that such cancer stem cells can be either reverted back to their lineage or terminally differentiated cancer cells upon exposure to differentiation inducing agents like All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Beyond driving cellular differentiation, ATRA mediates other cellular processes like cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and abrogates metabolic plasticity, EMT and angiogenesis in cancer cells. These pleiotropic effects of ATRA in modulating the typical hallmarks of cancer and its therapeutic limitations are being studied since 1900s. Despite this, its mode of action and factors impeding its therapeutic effects have not been elucidated in detail and thus remains obscure. However, over the years, various molecular signatures and pathways implicated in the therapeutic effects of ATRA has been unravelled in pieces. In an attempt towards a better picture, the current review aims to highlight the molecular mechanism of ATRA in attenuating the hallmarks of CRC and the factors affecting its therapeutic efficacy from a holistic perspective.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41372554What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.