ArticleScientific reports2025
Ultra-processed food consumption and the risk of breast cancer incidence and death: a prospective cohort study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Cancer Risk: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Journal of food science · 2026Pooled it
- AGO Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Early Breast Cancer: Update 2026.Breast care (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Obesity, Bariatric Surgery, and Cancer Risk: Nutritional Perspectives and Long-Term Clinical Implications.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Ultra-processed food exposure and health outcomes: Current evidence, controversies, and future perspectives.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) continues to rise globally, and UPF consumption is associated with elevated risk of mortality due to cancers and cardiovascular events. However, whether UPF consumption is associated with breast cancer and its mortality remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to examine the association of UPF consumption with breast cancer incidence and breast cancer mortality based on a large US population-based cohort. Herein, 2245 breast cancer cases and 270 breast cancer deaths were identified during 445,998 person-years of follow-up. Cox regression and competing risk regression were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) by UPF consumption for risk of breast cancer incidence and mortality. After adjustment for confounders, UPF consumption was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer incidence (Quintile(Q)2 vs. Q1, HR for Q2 vs. Q1: 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01-1.34, P = 0.04) and showed a trend toward increased mortality (Tertile(T)3 vs. T1, HR: 1.33, 95% CI, 0.99-1.80, P = 0.06). Subgroup analyses revealed stronger associations between UPF intake and the breast cancer risk in older participants (> 65 years, Q5 vs. Q1, HR: 1.41, 95% CI, 1.12-1.78), alcohol drinkers (Q2 vs. Q1, HR: 1.18, 95% CI, 1.02, 1.37), and those with a family history of breast cancer (Q3 vs. Q1, HR: 1.45, 95% CI, 1.00, 1.95). These findings suggest that higher UPF consumption may slightly increase breast cancer risk and mortality, particularly among women with breast cancer-related lifestyle factors and family history. These findings highlight the need for large cohorts to validate subgroup-specific associations and inform personalized cancer prevention.
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