Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41368703›Full record

ArticleLab on a chip2026

Clog-free all-aqueous microfluidic fabrication of hydrogel microfibers governed by a universal scaling law.

Jinchang Zhu, Yi He, Jing Wang, Isabella Powell, Pu Zhang, Anthony Ouertani, Yong Wang, Li-Heng Cai

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Lab on a chip, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jinchang ZhuSoft Biomatter Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA. liheng.cai@virginia.edu.
Yi HeDepartment of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
Jing WangDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
Isabella PowellDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
Pu ZhangDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
Anthony OuertaniDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
Yong WangDepartment of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
Li-Heng CaiSoft Biomatter Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA. liheng.cai@virginia.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-6806-0566

Funding

Constructing 3D voxelated tissues with molecular architecture encoded modular biomaterials to understand and control stem cell functionR35GM154912 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI Liheng Cai · 2024 to 2026
$1.2M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM154912
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hydrogel microfibers provide a versatile platform for cell encapsulation and tissue engineering, but their fabrication typically involves harsh or clog-prone processes that limit cytocompatibility or scalability. Here, we report a clog-free, all-aqueous water-in-water-in-water microfluidic approach for continuous and cytocompatible fabrication of hydrogel microfibers. This approach uses immiscible aqueous polymer solutions to enable fiber formation and controlled crosslinking without organic solvents and rapid solidification, preventing channel clogging during continuous operation. Using alginate as a model biomaterial, we generate meter-long microfibers that can be spun into macroscopic films. Systematic experiments and laminar flow modeling reveal a universal scaling law, , showing that the fiber diameter

Indexed as

HydrogelsLab-On-A-Chip DevicesMicrofluidic Analytical TechniquesAlginatesAnimalsCell EncapsulationInsulinInsulin-Secreting CellsWaterAlginatesHydrogelsInsulinWater

Identifiers

PMID41368703
PMCPMC12690450

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.