ReviewNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2025
Efficacy and Safety of Neuromodulation Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorders with Comorbidities: A Systematic Review.
Review in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social communication and stereotyped, repetitive behaviors or interests. Neuromodulation interventions have been employed in ASD, which can improve behavioral and cognitive outcomes in ASD, especially relief of comorbidities, as shown in preliminary evidence. However, their efficacy and safety remain unclear owing to the lack of high-quality synthetic evidence. We aim to systematically evaluate the therapeutic potential of neurostimulation in ASD and explore its underlying mechanisms. Patients and Methods: A narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed literature from 2000 to 2025 was conducted, sourced from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Seventy-three relevant studies were identified in this paper. Results: Up to date, noninvasive brain stimulation has become a potential intervention to reduce autism-related symptoms and improve neuropsychological function in ASDs, while a marked alleviation of comorbidities including aggression, anxiety and epilepsy was observed following invasive brain stimulation interventions. Both of the neuromodulation techniques are believed to be safe and well-tolerated. Conclusion: Neuromodulation interventions could be a hopeful option to improve patients' symptoms and control comorbidities of ASD. Further high-quality trials should be conducted to optimize long-term prognosis of ASD.
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Registered trials
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