ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2025
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Anti-NET Therapy: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Roles of neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer immunotherapy resistance and therapeutic targeting.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- The Molecular Network of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Biogenesis, Function, and Therapeutic Implications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles as emerging platforms for modulating innate immune responses in sepsis-associated acute lung injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neutrophils, a key component of the innate immune system, play a crucial role in immune responses. In 2004, Brinkmann et al identified neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as a novel antibacterial mechanism. However, NETs have since been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, sepsis, and cancer. Consequently, targeting NETs has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated efficacy in modulating NET formation, but MSC-derived exosomes offer distinct advantages over whole MSCs due to their lower immunogenicity, higher biological stability, and ability to deliver bioactive molecules like miRNAs and CD59. These exosomes can block critical signaling pathways involved in NET formation and protect neutrophil mitochondria, inhibiting NET release. Despite challenges such as low yield and targeting efficiency, ongoing research has made significant strides in addressing these issues. This article reviews the current progress in MSC-derived exosome-based anti-NET therapies and discusses potential strategies to enhance their therapeutic application.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.