ArticleHemaSphere2025
Functional differences between CLL- and ALL-derived CAR T cells in a 3D tumor microenvironment highlight CXCR4 and IL-10 as potential modulatory targets.
Article in HemaSphere, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Universal high-sensitivity CAR T-cell monitoring by targeting linker sequences.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- From CAR-T to CAAR-T: redefining targeting strategies in B-cell malignancies through idiotype-directed cellular therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite advances in targeted therapies, treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains challenging, highlighting the urgent need for effective new therapeutic strategies. Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy dramatically improved outcomes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), its efficacy in CLL is limited. We hypothesize that this disparity results from pronounced CAR T-cell exhaustion and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in CLL. We utilized an autologous 3D TME co-culture model to investigate the functionality of CAR T cells derived from CLL and ALL patients within physiologically relevant conditions. Our results revealed increased exhaustion levels and diminished cytotoxicity of CAR T cells from CLL patients compared to those from ALL patients. Importantly, combining CAR T-cell treatment with interleukin-10 (IL-10) or CXCR4 blockade effectively improved cytotoxicity against CLL cells, even in stromal-protected regions within the 3D model. These findings offer insights into CAR T-cell dysfunction in CLL and support novel TME-targeted combination strategies to improve clinical outcomes.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.