ArticleCureus2025
Progressive Retinal Toxicity Nine Years After Hydroxychloroquine Discontinuation: A Case Report.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Quadrant-Specific Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning in Hydroxychloroquine Retinal Toxicity: A Controlled OCT-Based Structural and Exposure Analysis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We report a case of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinal toxicity showing continuous progression over nine years after cessation of HCQ. A 55-year-old female had a history of rheumatoid arthritis treated with HCQ 200 mg daily for 20 years (cumulative dose ≈1.46 kg). She had no previous retinal screening and was asymptomatic. She was referred in 2016 for the first time, and the drug was discontinued following detection of characteristic parafoveal retinal changes on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence consistent with HCQ toxicity. Despite discontinuation, serial imaging revealed ongoing progression of outer retinal and retinal pigment epithelium atrophy over nine years, with gradual enlargement of the parafoveal lesion and progression of the paracentral scotoma in both eyes. Best-corrected visual acuity remained stable in both eyes. This case highlights that retinal damage from HCQ may progress for many years after cessation, emphasizing the importance of early detection to reduce the risk of progression in this irreversible condition. Review post-cessation may identify those in whom further progression has occurred, who may benefit from practical support, such as visual aids and or assistive technology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.