ArticleJournal of clinical medicine research2025
The Risk of Tuberculosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Across Different Comorbidities.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Iron, Tuberculosis, and Particle-Related Exposures Including Smoking.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Identification of Common Molecular Signatures in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Association of clinical and demographic factors with fungal culture in pulmonary tuberculosis patients.Bioinformation · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disorder with significant global morbidity and mortality. COPD is increasingly recognized as a systemic inflammatory condition that predisposes patients to multiple comorbidities, including tuberculosis (TB). There are limited data on how comorbidities in COPD influence the development of TB. Methods: We conducted a nationwide, retrospective cohort study using data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) between 2011 and 2021. Patients aged ≥ 40 years with a diagnosis of COPD, confirmed by ≥ 3 outpatient visits or ≥ 1 hospitalization, were included. Individuals with prior TB were excluded. Non-COPD controls were matched 1:1 using propensity score matching for demographics and comorbidities. The primary outcome was incident TB (ICD-9-CM 010-018). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for TB, accounting for a variety of comorbidities. Results: A total of 117,989 COPD patients and an equal number of matched controls were analyzed. During follow-up, TB incidence was significantly higher in the COPD group (3.20 vs. 1.45 per 10,000 person-years). COPD was associated with a 74% increased risk of TB (aHR 1.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.42 - 2.14; P < 0.001). Stratified analysis demonstrated that TB risk rose progressively with age and was markedly amplified by comorbidities. Notably, pneumoconiosis conferred a nearly sevenfold higher TB risk among COPD patients (aHR 6.94; 95% CI: 2.72 - 17.71; P < 0.001), followed by lung cancer (aHR 1.81; 95% CI: 1.07 - 3.05; P < 0.027) and rheumatoid arthritis (aHR 2.05; 95% CI: 1.01 - 4.12; P < 0.046). Conclusion: After adjustment for available covariates, COPD was associated with an increased risk of TB; however, residual confounding due to factors such as corticosteroid use, immunosuppressive therapy, and smoking cannot be excluded.
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