Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41366718›Full record

ArticleJournal of cannabis research2025

Prevalence and reasons for using cannabidiol, delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol, cannabigerol, and hexahydrocannabinol among US adults.

Nora Satybaldiyeva, Kevin H Yang, Wayne Kepner, Karen Ferran, Eric C Leas

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cannabis research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Nora SatybaldiyevaStanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Kevin H YangDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA.
Wayne KepnerStanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Karen FerranSchool of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Eric C LeasHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code: 0725, La Jolla, CA, 94304-1334, USA. ecleas@ucsd.edu.

Funding

Interdisciplinary Research Training in Pain and Substance Use DisordersT32DA035165 · NIDA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI SEAN C MACKEY · 2013 to 2026
$7.2M
Cardiovascular and Chronic Disease Prevention Training ProgramT32HL161270 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI CHRISTOPHER D GARDNER · 2022 to 2026
$2.6M
Characterizing the Epidemiology of Cannabidiol (CBD) Use Among US adultsK01DA054303 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Eric Leas · 2022 to 2026
$810k
NHLBI NIH HHS 5T32HL161270-03NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL161270NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA054303NIDA NIH HHS K01DA054303NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA035165NIDA NIH HHS T32DA035165
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSince the passage of the 2018 US Farm Bill there has been a market for cannabinoid products derived from Cannabis sativa L. that contain < 0.3% delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Understanding the characteristics and motivations of cannabinoid product users is crucial for appropriate regulation of these products.

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1,523 adults 18 years or older using the probability-based Ipsos KnowledgePanel, representative of 97% of US households. We assessed lifetime use of cannabidiol (CBD), delta-8 THC, cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol (CBG), and hexahydrocannabinol (HHC), as well as self-reported reasons for using these products (i.e., medical vs. recreational). Using multivariable logistic regression models, we investigated associations of demographic and health behavior characteristics with product use. Lastly, we used the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities to code medical reasons for cannabinoid product use into system organ class and preferred term categories.

resultsLifetime use of CBD was 35.2% (95% CI 32.7-37.9), compared with 7.7% (95% CI 6.5-9.1) for delta-8 THC, 4.5% (95% CI 3.7-5.6) for CBN, 1.3% (95% CI 0.9-1.9) for CBG, and 1.5% (95% CI 1.0-2.1) for HHC. More adults used CBD for medical purposes (71.9%, 95% CI 68.9-74.7) than recreation (47.1%, 95% CI 43.9-50.3), which was also the case for CBN, CBG and HHC. Conversely, more adults used delta-8 THC for recreation (76.1% 95% CI 67.0-83.3) than for medical reasons (50.9; 95% CI 42.6-59.2). The most cited preferred terms for CBD use were anxiety (14.7%, 95% CI 13.0-16.6), pain (13.1%, 95% CI 11.5-15.0) and arthralgia (11.2%, 95% CI 9.5-13.2), for delta-8 THC use they were anxiety (18.6%, 95% CI 13.3-25.3), pain (15.2%, 95% CI 11.1-20.5) and insomnia (10.7%, 95% CI 7.4-15.3), and for CBN use they were insomnia (15.4%, 95% CI 9.6-23.9), pain (11.1%, 95% CI 6.4-18.7) and anxiety (10.9%, 95% CI 6.0-19.0).

conclusionsUse of cannabinoid products is appreciable, particularly CBD and delta-8 THC. Most adults use CBD, CBN, CBG, and HHC for medical reasons, but delta-8 THC for recreation. Pain, anxiety, insomnia and arthralgia were common medical reasons for use across the different cannabinoids assessed.

Indexed as

CannabidiolCannabigerolCannabinoidsCannabinolDelta-8-tetrahydrocannabinolHexahydrocannabinol

Identifiers

PMID41366718
PMCPMC12690965

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.