ArticleLipids in health and disease2025
Sex-related disparities in hyperlipidaemia and cardiovascular risk in Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Lipids in health and disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNearly 80% of the world’s noncommunicable disease (NCD) burden comes from developing countries, where sex-related disparities in healthcare utilisation are common. However, studies on sex-related disparities in lipids and cardiovascular risk among South Asians are limited. This study aimed to investigate sex-related differences in the prevalence, management and outcome of lipids and related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among Sri Lankans to inform necessary improvements in preventing, diagnosing, and managing CVDs in females in Sri Lanka, a resource-limited South Asian setting.
methodsSecondary data from the World Health Organisation’s STEPS survey-2021, a community-based cross-sectional study conducted across Sri Lanka from April to December 2021, were analysed. Hyperlipidaemia was defined as having a total cholesterol (TC) level ≥ 200 mg/dL or being on treatment for hyperlipidaemia. TC goal was defined as a TC level < 200 mg/dL. Rates of hyperlipidaemia prevalence, treatment uptake and TC target achievement were compared between males and females. Sex-related disparities in the associations of hyperlipidaemia and CVDs were assessed separately.
resultsThe study sample consisted of 4,634 adults (62.8% female) with a mean age of 46 ± 13.7 years. The prevalence of hyperlipidaemia was higher in females (46.3%) than in males (36.4%, P < 0.001). Treatment uptake was not significantly different between females (25.2%) and males (23.6%, P = 0.467). Of those on treatment for hyperlipidaemia, the TC goal achievement was low in females (68.1%) compared to males (82.4%, P < 0.001). Females (4.9%) had a lower prevalence of established CVDs compared to males (10.9%, P < 0.001), but females with hyperlipidaemia had higher odds (OR 1.24, P = 0.038) of CVDs.
conclusionsSri Lankan females had a higher prevalence and poorer control of hyperlipidaemia compared to males, despite no significant difference in treatment uptake. However, the presence of CVDs was higher among males and was independently associated with sex and hyperlipidaemia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.