ArticleBMC oral health2025
Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS-Ar) in patients with temporomandibular disorders.
Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundTemporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of musculoskeletal conditions characterized by orofacial pain and functional impairments. The Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS) is a patient-reported outcome measure recommended by the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. The aim of the study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the JFLS for the Arabic language and to test its validity and reliability in Egyptian patients with TMDs.
methodsThe JFLS was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Modern Standard Arabic according to standard guidelines. The construct validity was assessed in 54 patients with TMD who completed the Arabic versions of JFLS (JFLS-Ar), the Arabic version of Oral Health Impact Profile 5 (OHIP5-Ar), and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Test-retest reliability was estimated in 30 participants who completed the JFLS-Ar again within seven days. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the internal consistency of the items in the JFLS-Ar.
resultsThe total score (0-200) of the JFLS-Ar showed moderate correlations with both OHIP5-Ar (ρ = 0.58, p < 0.001) and NPRS (ρ = 0.56, p < 0.001). The global score (average of the three domain scores, 0-10) showed moderate correlations with both OHIP5-Ar (ρ = 0.56, p < 0.001) and NPRS (ρ = 0.56, p < 0.001). The short form global score (average of 8 specific items, 0-10) showed moderate correlations with both OHIP5-Ar (ρ = 0.61, p < 0.001) and NPRS (ρ = 0.6, p < 0.001). The total score showed excellent test-retest reliability with an ICC of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.99), Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) of 6.17, and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) of 17.1. The global score showed excellent test-retest reliability with an ICC of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93-0.98), SEM of 0.38, and MDC of 1.06. The short form global score showed excellent test-retest reliability with an ICC of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98-0.995), SEM of 0.2, and MDC of 0.55. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the 20-item JFLS-Ar and the 8-item JFLS-Ar was 0.938 and 0.852, respectively.
conclusionsThe JFLS-Ar represents a valid and reliable instrument for use in Arabic-speaking patients with TMDs.
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