Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41366325›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Control of limb loading during active horizontal perturbations at moderate and fast trots in rats.

Emanuel Andrada, Martin S Fischer, Heiko Stark, Dirk Arnold

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Emanuel AndradaInstitute of Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany. eman.andrada@gmail.com.
Martin S FischerInstitute of Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.
Heiko StarkInstitute of Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.
Dirk ArnoldKlinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To understand how small animals cope with complex, unstructured, and unpredictable substrates, we analysed the kinetics of female rats ([Formula: see text]) moving at a fast and at a moderate trot over an unperturbed substrate and a substrate subjected to active horizontal perturbations. Perturbations were active single forwards or backwards displacements of an instrumented platform by 5 mm or 10 mm amplitudes in 0.05 s. Single leg ground reaction forces (SLGRF) were collected for unperturbed and perturbed locomotion (hindlimbs: 50/102, forelimbs: 45/130, respectively). When negotiating horizontal perturbations, rats displayed gait resetting (braking, accelerating) and non-resetting behaviours. Feedforward strategies differed between the fore- and hindlimbs. In circa 60% of the perturbed trials, forelimbs started the step in acceleration mode, while hindlimbs began the stance mostly in non-resetting mode (∼45%). In about 50% of all perturbed steps, the impulse provided by the SLGRF displayed a change in behaviour according to the expected response to the perturbation. The remaining 50% retained the feedforward strategy. Still, most perturbed trials displayed changes in SLGRF patterns that indicated passive and active reactions to platform shifts. Our results indicate that rats' sensorimotor control system tunes fore- and hindlimbs differently in expectation of a perturbation. In addition, the tendon-muscle systems of the limbs are recruited to prevent leg collapse at the beginning and end of the stance. At lower speeds, spinal and/or higher centre commands have enough time to re-adapt limb behaviour. At higher locomotion speeds, rats rely more on their limbs' intrinsic stability and feedforward control.

Indexed as

ExtremitiesForelimbGaitHindlimbLocomotionAnimalsBiomechanical PhenomenaFemaleRatsWeight-BearingControl of locomotionGround reaction forcesPerturbed locomotionRat locomotion

Identifiers

PMID41366325
PMCPMC12696070

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.