ReviewBDJ open2025
Controversies about refrigeration of dental adhesives: a review.
Review in BDJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe refrigeration of dental adhesives is a routine practice, often adopted without thorough understanding or consideration of its scientific basis and potential clinical consequences. This review explores the effects of refrigeration and subsequent immediate use on the bonding effectiveness of dental adhesive systems. Given the ongoing debate in the literature about how storage temperature influences adhesive characteristics such as viscosity, degree of conversion, and bond strength, this work synthesizes findings from both supportive and contradictory studies to inform clearer clinical guidance.
methodsRelevant literature was identified through a comprehensive search of key databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing primarily on in-vitro studies that investigated the effect of refrigeration on the bond strength and bonding-related kinetics of various adhesive systems: etch-and-rinse, self-etch, and universal adhesives.
resultsThe collected data suggest that immediate use of adhesives post-refrigeration may induce material-dependent adverse changes in viscosity, solvent evaporation, and polymerization kinetics. These changes have primarily been linked to various factors that appear to critically mediate the influence of low temperature, including adhesive composition and solvent type. Although some studies have supported these findings, the anticipated deleterious effects could not be definitively confirmed, as several other investigations have reported negligible or no effects at all across different adhesive systems.
conclusionsThe heterogeneity of findings indicates that no conclusive agreement has been established regarding the actual risks associated with refrigerating dental adhesives. Nonetheless, the absence of evidence supporting any benefit from immediate post-refrigeration use suggests that allowing adhesives to reach room temperature before use remains a cautious and prudent approach.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.