Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41364354›Full record

ArticleDigestive diseases and sciences2026

Proactive Compared to Reactive Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Is Associated with Less Treatment Failure in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated with Adalimumab.

Ajay Gade, Alessandra Saraga, Tina Deyhim, Grace Geeganage, Samantha Zullow, Loren G Rabinowitz, Laurie B Grossberg, Adam S Cheifetz, Konstantinos Papamichael

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ajay GadeDivision of Gastroenterology, Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Alessandra SaragaDivision of Gastroenterology, Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Tina DeyhimDivision of Gastroenterology, Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Grace GeeganageDivision of Gastroenterology, Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Samantha ZullowDivision of Gastroenterology, Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Loren G RabinowitzDivision of Gastroenterology, Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Laurie B GrossbergDivision of Gastroenterology, Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Adam S CheifetzDivision of Gastroenterology, Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Konstantinos PapamichaelDivision of Gastroenterology, Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. kpapamic@bidmc.harvard.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThere are limited data regarding the role of proactive therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with adalimumab (ADM). The aim of the study was to investigate the long-term outcome of patients with IBD undergoing proactive versus reactive TDM in terms of treatment failure.

methodsThis single-center, retrospective, cohort study included consecutive patients with IBD who received maintenance ADM therapy and underwent TDM from January 2018 to March 2023. The proactive TDM group consisted of patients who had at least one proactive TDM during the follow-up time, while the reactive TDM group consisted of patients who underwent only reactive TDM. Patients were followed from first TDM until treatment failure or the end of the follow-up period (May 2024). Treatment failure was defined as either drug discontinuation due to loss of response/serious adverse event or an IBD-related surgery.

resultsThe study population consisted of 277 patients with IBD (n = 206, 74% with Crohn's disease), who underwent either proactive (n = 217) or reactive (n = 60) TDM. Patients were followed for a median of 39.5 (interquartile range 25.1-55.2) months. Multiple Cox regression analysis identified proactive TDM to be associated with less treatment failure [hazard ratio (HR 0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16 to 0.42, p < 0.001], while stricturing CD (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.5, p = 0.003) and antibodies to ADM at first TDM (HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4 to 4.4, p = 0.002) were associated with treatment failure.

conclusionsIn this large cohort study, proactive when compared to reactive TDM was associated with less treatment failure in patients with IBD receiving ADM maintenance therapy.

Indexed as

AdalimumabAnti-Inflammatory AgentsCrohn DiseaseDrug MonitoringInflammatory Bowel DiseasesAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTreatment FailureAdalimumabAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAdalimumabCrohn’s diseaseInflammatory bowel diseaseProactive therapeutic drug monitoringUlcerative colitis

Identifiers

PMID41364354

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.