Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41364276›Full record

ArticleClinical oral investigations2025

Three-dimensional assessment of tooth movements in clear aligner treatment of moderate and severe crowding.

Margaret Eason, Sandra Khong Tai, Charlene Tai Loh, Aron Aliaga Del Castillo, Rodrigo Teixeira, Nathan Hutin, Gaëlle Leroux, Marcela Lima Gurgel, Claudia Trindade Mattos, Antonio Carlos de Oliveira Ruellas and 3 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Margaret EasonDepartment of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Sandra Khong TaiFaculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia Vancouver, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Charlene Tai LohFaculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia Vancouver, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Aron Aliaga Del CastilloDepartment of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Rodrigo TeixeiraDepartment of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil. rodrigoteixeira@usp.br.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-4484
Nathan HutinDepartment of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Gaëlle LerouxDepartment of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Marcela Lima GurgelDepartment of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Claudia Trindade MattosDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
Antonio Carlos de Oliveira RuellasDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Mary BarkleyDepartment of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Eric HannapelDepartment of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Lucia CevidanesDepartment of Orthodontics, Adams Dental School, University of North Caroline, Chapel Hill, USA.

Funding

Quantification of 3D Bony Changes in Temporomandibular Joint OsteoarthritisR01DE024450 · NIDCR · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Lucia H Cevidanes · 2013 to 2026
$5.5M
NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE024450NIDCR NIH HHS R01DE024450
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo evaluate angular and linear tooth movements following orthodontic treatment for correction of moderate to severe crowding using clear aligner therapy (CAT). MATERIALS AND

methodsThis retrospective study included 46 patients treated with clear aligners in permanent dentition for correction of moderate to severe crowding. Twenty-three patients (6 males, 17 females; mean age 20.0 years) were treated with premolar extractions and 23 patients (8 males, 15 females; mean age 17.3 years) were treated without premolar extractions. Three-dimensional tooth linear and angular displacements were quantified in the pre- and post-treatment digital dental models superimposed using the Slicer Automated Dental Tools module of 3D Slicer software ( www.slicer.org ). Generalized estimation equations were used for group comparisons (p < 0.05).

resultsCAT correction of moderate to severe crowding with premolar extraction led to significant retroclination of upper and lower incisors (upper: -6.71° ±7.79, P < 0.001 and lower: -5.11° ±8.49, P < 0.001). Anchorage control in extraction cases was limited, with approximately equal molar mesialization and incisor lingualization. In non-extraction cases, crowding was corrected through arch expansion with flaring of incisors. Vertical changes were similar between groups.

conclusionsCAT of moderate to severe crowding without extraction led to arch expansion and proclination of incisors. In contrast, premolar extraction cases often presented incisor retroclination and molar mesial tipping, requiring careful biomechanical management. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings help clinicians plan treatments, manage patient expectations, and anticipate side effects, enabling the use of proper strategies and resources to optimize outcomes in both extraction and non-extraction cases.

Indexed as

Imaging, Three-DimensionalMalocclusionOrthodontic Appliances, RemovableTooth Movement TechniquesAdolescentBicuspidFemaleHumansMaleRetrospective StudiesTooth ExtractionTreatment OutcomeYoung Adult3D analysisClear aligner therapyExtractionNon-extractionTooth movement

Identifiers

PMID41364276
PMCPMC13630423

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.