Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41362767›Full record

ArticleiScience2025

Deciphering causes and behaviors: A recurrent pattern of tail injuries in hadrosaurid dinosaurs.

Filippo Bertozzo, Darren H Tanke, Simone Conti, Fabio Manucci, Gareth Arnott, Pascal Godefroit, Alastair Ruffell, Denver Fowler, Elizabeth A Freedman Fowler, Ivan Y Bolotsky and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in iScience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Filippo BertozzoOperational Directorate Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
Darren H TankeRoyal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Drumheller, Alberta, Canada.
Simone ContiGeoBioTech Department of Earth Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
Fabio ManucciAssociazione Paleontologica Paleoartistica Italiana, 43123 Parma, Italy.
Gareth ArnottSchool of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK.
Pascal GodefroitOperational Directorate Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
Alastair RuffellSchool of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK.
Denver FowlerBadlands Dinosaur Museum, Dickinson, ND 58601, USA.
Elizabeth A Freedman FowlerBadlands Dinosaur Museum, Dickinson, ND 58601, USA.
Ivan Y BolotskyLaboratory of Paleontology, Institute of Geology and Natural Management of Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Blagoveshchensk 675000, Russia.
Yuri L BolotskyLaboratory of Paleontology, Institute of Geology and Natural Management of Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Blagoveshchensk 675000, Russia.
Eileen MurphySchool of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Elevated frequencies of repeated injuries are identified in the proximo-middle caudal region of hadrosaurid dinosaur tails. The affected vertebrae show healing injuries in the distal region of the vertebral neural spines, but the causes are yet indeterminate. A finite element analysis was performed on a modeled caudal vertebral series to test if such injuries were caused by loading weight. Our results indicate that the deforming stress resulted from the same dorsal force pressing upon a large area of the tail. We scrutinized all possible biological scenarios that could cause the pathological deformation of the bones. The affected area corresponds to the putative position of the cloacal opening, indicating the possibility that the dorsal force might correspond to the action of a mounting male. As such, these potential mating injuries may represent the first indirect evidence of sexual behavior in non-avian dinosaurs, and a novel approach to recognize female individuals.

Indexed as

Biological sciencesEvolutionary biologyPaleobiology

Identifiers

PMID41362767
PMCPMC12682275

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.