Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41361332›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Ternary phase optimized indomethacin nanoemulsion hydrogel for sustained topical delivery and improved biological efficacy.

K R Nithin, G M Pallavi, K S Srikruthi, Kasim Sakran Abass, Nimbagal Raghavendra Naveen

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

K R NithinDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Karnataka, Karnataka, 571448, India.
G M PallaviDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Karnataka, Karnataka, 571448, India.
K S SrikruthiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Karnataka, Karnataka, 571448, India.
Kasim Sakran AbassDepartment of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, 36001, Iraq.
Nimbagal Raghavendra NaveenDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Karnataka, Karnataka, 571448, India. nrn@accp.co.in.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Topical drug delivery offers significant advantages in wound management by enabling direct therapeutic action at the site of injury while minimizing systemic drug exposure. Indomethacin (IM), a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), plays a vital role in the wound healing process by effectively controlling inflammation. This research aimed to develop an Indomethacin-loaded nanoemulsion hydrogel (NEG-IM) to enhance drug penetration through the skin, improve wound healing performance, and ensure that the drug remains within the formulation. When tested with a ternary phase diagram, the nanoemulsion composition reached optimal stability, which yielded droplets smaller than 200 nm and achieved entrapment efficiencies from 83 to 88%. The optimized nanoemulsion contained Sodium Stearate at ratios of 25-50%, Avocado Oil at 50-75%, and Glycerol at ratios of 25-50%. This combination optimized emulsification and promoted gel texture formation while decreasing drug leakage. The drug release evaluation using DR showed 89.78%, while PC measurement through permeation coefficient reached 0.507 cm

Indexed as

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalDrug Delivery SystemsHydrogelsIndomethacinNanoparticlesAdministration, CutaneousAdministration, TopicalAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsDrug LiberationEmulsionsEscherichia coliHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsSkinStaphylococcus aureusAnti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalEmulsionsHydrogelsIndomethacinIndomethacinNanoemulsionNano spongesTernary phase diagramTopical gel

Identifiers

PMID41361332
PMCPMC12686516

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.