Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41361157›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Gigahertz-frequency acousto-optic phase modulation of visible light in a CMOS-fabricated photonic circuit.

Jacob M Freedman, Matthew J Storey, Daniel Dominguez, Andrew Leenheer, Sebastian Magri, Nils T Otterstrom, Matt Eichenfield

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jacob M FreedmanWyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Matthew J StoreyMicrosystems Engineering, Science, and Applications, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5097-6712
Daniel DominguezMicrosystems Engineering, Science, and Applications, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Andrew LeenheerMicrosystems Engineering, Science, and Applications, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4735-292X
Sebastian MagriWyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Nils T OtterstromMicrosystems Engineering, Science, and Applications, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA. ntotter@sandia.gov.
Matt EichenfieldWyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. matt.eichenfield@colorado.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Optical phase modulators operating at visible wavelengths are essential components for photonic technologies such as those for quantum control, communications, and laser ranging. However, they remain challenging to implement in scalable, integrated platforms capable of handling high optical powers. Here we present a visible-light, gigahertz-frequency acousto-optic phase modulator, fabricated on a 200-mm wafer in a volume CMOS foundry, that supports greater than 500 mW of optical power at 730 nm. The device combines a piezoelectric transducer and a photonic waveguide within a single, wavelength-scale structure that confines both a propagating optical mode and an electrically excitable breathing-mode mechanical resonance. By tuning the device's geometry to optimize the optomechanical interaction, we achieve modulation depths up to 4.85 rad with 80 mW of applied microwave power at 2.31 GHz in a 2-mm-long device. This corresponds to resonant modulation figures of merit of V

Identifiers

PMID41361157
PMCPMC12686435

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.