ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2026
Iatrogenic Blindness Pig Model Using Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection.
Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Combined Cupping and Acupuncture Therapy for Dorsocervical Fat Pad: A Series of Case Studies.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Sharp Cannulas and Third-Generation Ultrasound in Dorsocervical Liposuction: A Complementary Perspective.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWith increased dermal filler use, hyaluronic acid (HA) injection-induced blindness reports emerge. The underlying mechanism of HA-induced ophthalmic artery occlusion (OAO)-associated blindness and effective treatment modalities are currently unknown, primarily due to the lack of an ideal HA embolization blindness animal model.
objectiveIn this study, we aimed to establish a feasible and reproducible animal model of OAO-induced blindness using interventional, ophthalmological, and behavioral approaches, thereby serving as an ideal preclinical model for research aimed at developing treatments for blindness induced by hyaluronic acid injection.
methodsWe injected HA into the porcine ophthalmic artery (OA) to induce retinal artery ischemia, assessing blood flow and intraretinal structures using digital angiography and ophthalmologic examination, and vision using the obstacle course test. We performed hematoxylin and eosin staining to observe the retina structure two months after embolization.
resultsCompared with normal baseline observations, post-embolization angiography suggested no OA visualization, fundus photography revealing a pale fundus and optic disk edema. Obstacle course collisions and completion times were significantly lower in the post-embolization OX (blindfolded right eye) than in the post-embolization XX (both eyes blindfolded) group, higher in the post-embolization OO (no blindfolded) than in the preoperative OO group, and lower in the pre-embolization OO than in the pre-embolization XX group. Compared with control eyes, the hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated a disordered retinal structural arrangement, a lack of retinal ganglion cells, and severe fibrosis in the experimental eyes.
conclusionIn conclusion, we created a reproducible OAO blindness porcine model, which could serve as an ideal preclinical animal model for research on treatment strategies for patients with HA injection-induced blindness. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.