ArticleNature communications2025
Efficient cellular transformation via protein delivery through the protrusion-derived extracellular vesicles.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond spherical vesicles: morphological diversity of extracellular vesicles in health and disease.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in Osteogenesis.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- MIM triggers formin to Arp2/3-based actin assembly in membrane remodeling in Drosophila embryos.The Journal of cell biology · 2026Article
- Integrative Proteomics of Extracellular Vesicles from hiPSC-Derived Cardiac Organoids Reveals Heart Tissue-like Molecular Representativity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles inEXO : beyond the cell · 2026Article
- Research progress on the interaction mechanisms and functions between exosomes and the cytoskeleton.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate the transfer of intracellular proteins from producer to recipient cells. EVs originate either from plasma membrane protrusions or endosomes, with endosome-derived EVs being extensively studied and engineered. However, the efficiency and functionality of protein transfer via both types of EVs remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that natural EVs derived from cell protrusions dependent on the I-BAR protein MIM, rather than from endosomes, deliver the functional small GTPase Rac1 protein at levels similar to microinjection. Rac1-containing EVs are internalized via endocytosis, trafficked through endosomal compartments, and subsequently released into the cytosol, where they enhance cell motility. To evaluate broader applicability, the genome-editing protein Cas12f is packaged into protrusion-derived EVs by MIM and endosome-derived EVs by endosomal tetraspanin CD63. Notably, protrusion-derived EVs deliver Cas12f with significantly higher efficiency than endosome-derived EVs, highlighting their superior capability for functional protein transfer. Our findings establish the protrusion-derived EVs as a powerful platform for the efficient and bioactive delivery of both native and engineered proteins, expanding the EV-based therapeutic strategies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.