ArticleNature communications2025
Pre-existing cross-reactive immunity to highly pathogenic avian influenza 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) virus in the United States.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Limited added benefit of seasonal influenza vaccination before A(H5) vaccination in mice and ferrets challenged with A(H5N1).Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Neuraminidase-inhibiting antibodies boosted by H1N1pdm infection cross-react differently with H5N1 of clades 2.3.4.4b and 2.3.2.1a.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Diminished sialoside binding in novel H5N1 influenza hemagglutinin variants identified in a human patient.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Pre-existing and cross-reactive immunity to avian influenza H5N1 in humans: Implications for pandemic risk and vaccine strategies.The Journal of infection · 2026Review
- Population Immunity to Influenza Neuraminidase: From Immune Imprinting to Pandemic Preparedness.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Article
- ELISA-based quantification of neuraminidase in commercial influenza vaccines using virus-derived reference antigens.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Cattle and human organoids reveal 2.3.4.4b H5N1 cross-species transmission potential and neuraminidase-specific neutralizing antibodies in humans.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Algorithm-Optimized H5 Influenza mRNA Vaccine Induces Broad Immune Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Cross-reactive H5N1 Neuraminidase Antibodies by Age and Influenza A Imprinting Cohorts of the Past Century: Population-Based Serosurvey, British Columbia, Canada.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Population immunity to clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 is dominated by anti-neuraminidase antibodies.mBio · 2026Article
- Cross-reactive human antibody responses to H5N1 influenza virus neuraminidase are shaped by immune history.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Avian influenza overview December 2025-February 2026.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Cross-sectional study on protective antibodies against influenza A virus subtypes and cross-protection against influenza A(H3N2) subclade K, Portugal, August 2025.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Influenza A Virus H5N1 Subtype: Resurgent Interspecies and Intercontinental Transmission, and a New Host.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The unprecedented 2.3.4.4b. A(H5N1) outbreak in dairy cattle, poultry, and spillover to humans in the United States (US) poses a major public health threat. Population immunity is a critical component of influenza pandemic risk assessment. We assessed the pre-existing cross-reactive immunity to 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) viruses and analyzed 1794 sera from 723 people (0.5-88 yrs) in multiple US geographic regions during 2021-2024. Pre-existing neutralizing and hemagglutinin (HA)-head-binding antibodies to A(H5N1) were low, but there were substantial cross-reactive binding antibodies to N1 neuraminidase (NA) of 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1). Antibodies to group 1 HA stalk were also prevalent and increased with age. A(H1N1)pdm09 infection and influenza vaccination did not induce neutralizing antibodies to A(H5N1) viruses but induced significant rise of functional NA inhibition (NAI) antibodies to N1 of 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1), and group 1 HA stalk antibodies. Moreover, pre-pandemic stockpiled 2.3.4.4c vaccine can elicit cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies to 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) viruses. Understanding population susceptibility is essential for pandemic preparedness.
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