Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41360737›Full record

ArticleCancer medicine2025

Frailty and Pre-Frailty in Patients With Lung Cancer and Its Association With Long-Term MACCE: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Fang Zhu, Qian Zhang, Hang Hao, Wenjie Cai, Qingquan Luo

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Article in Cancer medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

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0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Fang ZhuDepartment of Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Qian ZhangDepartment of Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-2020
Hang HaoDepartment of Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Wenjie CaiDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Qingquan LuoDepartment of Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4098-9477

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82100409National Natural Science Foundation of China 82400483
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLung cancer (LC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of non-cancer-related death among cancer survivors. Frailty, characterized by a decline in physiological reserves, has been identified as a predictor of poor outcomes in cancer. However, the relationship between frailty, pre-frailty, and long-term cardiovascular outcomes in LC patients remains insufficiently explored.

methodsThis retrospective analysis of a cohort study utilized prospectively collected data from the UK Biobank, with baseline assessment between 2006 and 2010 and follow-up until October 31, 2022. Frailty was defined using the frailty phenotype according to five components (weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, slow gait speed, and low grip strength). Participants were categorized as non-frail, pre-frail or frail. The outcome was defined as major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for confounders including age, sex, obesity, smoking status, socioeconomic status, diabetes, hypertension, COPD, and tumor type were employed to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for MACCE.

resultsOf the 500,530 participants in this cohort, 6095 were diagnosed with LC after recruitment. Among LC patients, 43.79% were non-frail, 48.20% pre-frail, and 8.01% frail. Frail individuals had a significantly higher risk of MACCE (HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07-1.38, p = 0.002) compared to non-frail patients, while pre-frail individuals also exhibited an elevated risk (HR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02-1.18, p = 0.010). Specific frailty components, particularly low physical activity and slow gait speed, were strongly associated with increased risks of both MACCE and all-cause mortality. In contrast, low grip strength did not show a significant association with adverse outcomes.

conclusionsLC participants had a higher prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty. The presence of frailty and pre-frailty significantly increased the risk of MACCE in long-term LC survivors. Notably, slow gait speed and low physical activity were strongly associated with MACCE compared to other frailty components.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesFrailtyLung NeoplasmsAgedFemaleHand StrengthHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsUnited Kingdomcardio‐oncologyfrailtylong‐term outcomelung cancerMACCEpre‐frailty

Identifiers

PMID41360737
PMCPMC12685562

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