Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41360410›Full record

ArticleBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2026

Characterising Forces Applied During the Simulated Management of Impacted Fetal Head: Pre-Clinical Methods Study.

Dawn Parris, Yang Xue, Thurga Navaseelan, Carmen Salvadores Fernandez, Maryam Javidan, Rohit Gupta, Nikolaos Salaris, Jeremy Chen, Manish K Tiwari, Dimitrios Siassakos

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In one paragraph

Article in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Dawn ParrisEGA Institute for Women's Health, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4702-0861
Yang XueNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
Thurga NavaseelanNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
Carmen Salvadores FernandezNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
Maryam JavidanNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
Rohit GuptaNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
Nikolaos SalarisNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
Jeremy ChenNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
Manish K TiwariNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5143-6881
Dimitrios SiassakosEGA Institute for Women's Health, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1078-9856

Funding

European Research CouncilRoyal SocietyUK Research and Innovation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveEvaluate whether a sensorised surgical glove can serve as an effective training tool in management of impacted fetal head; and improvements needed. Examine location and amount of force applied through operators' hands during simulated disimpaction.

designFeasibility study.

settingNational course of rotational vaginal birth and complex caesarean birth. POPULATION: Obstetricians of varying seniority.

methodsFetal head disimpaction using a model while wearing a sensorised glove. Maximum and time-averaged force data were captured by 12 sensors, including the location of force. Thematic analysis of free-text answers to questionnaires.

main outcome measuresSensorised glove's training effectiveness, force location and amount; and themes derived from free-text answers.

results13 obstetricians of varying seniority participated. One was considered an expert, and their performance was used as a reference point. Fingertip sensors: highest maximum force values, consistently across participants. Palmar sensors: relatively high peak forces, greater variability. Dorsal sensors: lower forces overall, high variability. Force during fetal disimpaction was applied in brief, targeted bursts (maximum) rather than continuously (time-averaged). Desirable improvements identified included: making the glove wireless, avoiding the need to triple glove and a standardised model.

conclusionsA sensorised glove has been developed, and participants found potential for use in training and management of impacted fetal head. There was consistent use of fingertips to deliver force, perhaps due to their precision and control. Variability in dorsal and palmar regions uncovered differences in hand positioning and technique.

Indexed as

Gloves, SurgicalObstetricsSimulation TrainingClinical CompetenceFeasibility StudiesFemaleHeadHumansLabor PresentationPregnancycaesarean sectionemergency caesareanimpacted fetal headsimulation training

Identifiers

PMID41360410
PMCPMC13040427

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.