ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025
Mapping epileptogenic brain using a unified spatial-temporal-spectral source imaging framework.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Complementary predictive value of electromagnetic source imaging and hemodynamic responses in epilepsy surgery: A quantitative spatial analysis.Epilepsia · 2026Article
- Assessing Strengths and Limitations of Magnetoencephalography Source Imaging With Intracerebral EEG.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Improved Somatotopic Consistency of EEG Source Localization Using a Personalized Segmentation-Free Head Model.Brain topography · 2026Article
- Predicting surgical outcome in drug-resistant epilepsy by combining interictal biomarkers within a machine learning framework.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Predicting Surgical Outcome in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy by Combining Interictal Biomarkers within a Machine Learning Framework.Research square · 2026Article
- Mapping epileptogenic brain using a unified spatial-temporal-spectral source imaging framework.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Noninvasive electrophysiological source imaging (ESI) is a valuable tool for localizing and imaging brain activity, with significant potential to aid presurgical planning in focal drug-resistant epilepsy (fDRE) patients. Scalp electroencephalography (EEG) biomarkers, including interictal spikes, high-frequency oscillations (HFOs), and seizures, each offer unique capabilities in estimating the epileptogenic zone (EZ). However, there is a limited quantitative understanding of how these biomarkers differ in source-imaging precision, requiring distinct processing pipelines. Here, we developed a spatial-temporal-spectral imaging (STSI) framework for precision source imaging, and quantitatively evaluated various epilepsy biomarkers for source imaging in 2,081 individual events (spikes, HFOs, and seizures) from a cohort of 42 fDRE patients, comparing results to clinical ground truth such as surgical resection outcomes and intracranial EEG-defined seizure onset zones. The STSI enabled quantitative comparisons across key EEG epilepsy-related biomarkers, with averaged localization errors of 6.67 mm for seizures, 8.73 mm for HFOs overlapping with spikes (pHFO), 10.28 mm for HFO-riding spikes (pSpike), 19.59 mm for general spikes (aSpike), and 36.53 mm for general HFOs (aHFO), respectively, for seizure-free patients. These findings indicate that HFOs overlapping with spikes is the most spatially accurate interictal biomarker for mapping the EZ. The proposed STSI framework not only establishes a unified analysis approach for epileptic biomarkers to enhance presurgical planning in focal drug-resistant epilepsy, but could also generalize as a versatile tool for mapping event-related potentials, neural oscillations, and dynamic brain states, within a single framework to advance cognitive neuroscience research and clinical management of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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