Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41359832›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

Biomechanics of the mandibular middle ear of the cynodont

Alec T Wilken, Chelsie C G Snipes, Callum F Ross, Zhe-Xi Luo

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Sound reasons for tympanic hearing in mammalian precursors.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Alec T WilkenDepartment of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.ORCID 0000-0003-3943-938X
Chelsie C G SnipesDepartment of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.ORCID 0000-0001-9424-7466
Callum F RossDepartment of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.ORCID 0000-0001-7764-761X
Zhe-Xi LuoDepartment of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.ORCID 0000-0003-2170-8879

Funding

Neural, Computational, and Neuromechanical Approaches to Motor ControlT32NS121763 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI MELINA E HALE, Nicholas G Hatsopoulos · 2022 to 2026
$1.6M
NIH HHS NINDS NIH T32NS121763-01A1NINDS NIH HHS T32 NS121763NSF NSF-IOS 2315501
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The middle ear of mammals is a major functional innovation, distinctive in that it is detached from the mandible and has a tympanic membrane supported by a ring-like ectotympanic. These novelties of the middle ear have enabled modern mammals to develop more sensitive hearing than all other tetrapods, especially at higher frequencies. Fossils from recent decades have clarified the evolution of the detached middle ear from the jaw bones of Paleozoic therapsids and Mesozoic cynodonts, and the evolution of the tympanum. These discoveries make it possible to answer important questions about the functional significance of these features. Here, we evaluate the relative hearing efficacy of a well-known cynodont precursor to mammals,

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionEar, MiddleHearingMammalsMandibleAnimalsBiomechanical PhenomenaFinite Element AnalysisFossilsfinite element modelinghearing evolutionmammalstherapsidstympanic membrane

Identifiers

PMID41359832
PMCPMC12745777

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.