Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41359224›Full record

ArticleBiochemical genetics2026

Comparative Analysis of Codon Usage Patterns in Chloroplast Genomes of Maple (Genus Acer).

Yuyang Zhang, Yunqi Ma, Jian Gao, Wenbao Ma, Tao Yu

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biochemical genetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yuyang Zhang *The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, college of horticulture and forestry sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.
Yunqi Ma *The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, college of horticulture and forestry sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.
Jian GaoSchool of Ecology and Environment, Baotou Teachers' College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China.
Wenbao MaEcological Restoration and Conservation of Forests and Wetlands Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, Academy of Forestry, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China.
Tao YuGuizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang University, Guiyang, 550005, China. yutao123@bjfu.edu.cn.

Funding

the Key areas of science and technology research plan 2023AB004-04The open project of the national and local joint engineering laboratory of high efficiency and superior-quality cultivation and fruit deep processing technology of characteristic fruit trees in south Xinjiang EF202201
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Maple (Acer genus), deciduous perennial trees belong to the Sapindaceae family, thrive naturally across Asia, Europe and North America. In addition to their wide use in woodwork and pharmaceuticals, Acer species are favored choices for contemporary landscape design because of their large stature, intricate foliage patterns, vibrant colors, distinctive fruit shapes (paired winged samaras), and extensive genetic diversity. Understandably, they play a pivotal role in enhancing urban ecosystems and contributing to landscape construction. The aim of this study was to investigate the genomic characteristics and extent of codon usage bias (CUB) variation in the chloroplast (cp.) genome of ten sections of the genus Acer. Synonymous codon usage order (SCUO) indicated a weak codon usage bias (CUB) in the cp. genes of various Acer species. Notably, the third position of the codons exhibited a significant correlation with the overall nucleotide composition, suggesting that both natural selection and mutation pressure may have influenced the CUB. The Effective Number of Codon (ENC)-plot, Parity Rule 2 (PR2), and neutrality analyses showed that the codon bias of Acer cp. genetic material was influenced by several factors. While our analyses suggest a significant role for natural selection in shaping codon usage bias, as indicated by the ENC-plot analysis deviating from neutrality expectations, the contribution of mutation pressure and potentially genetic drift cannot be entirely excluded. These findings provide insights into codon usage patterns, which may be useful for future studies aiming to optimize codon usage for exogenous gene expression in the Acer cp. genome.

Indexed as

AcerCodonCodon UsageGenome, ChloroplastSelection, GeneticCodonAcerChloroplast genomeCodon usageMutation pressureRSCU

Identifiers

PMID41359224

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