Fomite Persistence of the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus is Affected by Relative Humidity and Storage Temperature.

Janak Dhakal, Vanessa Whitmore, Jayeshbhai Chaudhari, Hiep Vu, Byron D Chaves

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Food and environmental virology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

An Exploratory Pilot Study to Investigate the Potential Relationship Between Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) Virus Viremia Changes and Barn Manure Pit Management Procedures.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Janak DhakalDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2369-387X

Vanessa WhitmoreDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.

Jayeshbhai ChaudhariNebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1864-562X

Hiep VuDepartment of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8084-4358

Byron D ChavesDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA. byron.chaves-elizondo@unl.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-1899-6515

Funding

U.S. Department of Agriculture 2020-68003-32789

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The environmental resilience of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) enhances its potential for indirect transmission and complicates control efforts. This study evaluated the persistence of PRRSV on polypropylene (PP) and stainless steel (SS). A PRRSV suspension (> 6 log TCID50) was inoculated onto PP and SS coupons (2.2 cm × 2.2 cm) coated with organic soil and allowed to dry for 15 min. Samples were then incubated at 4 °C and 25 °C under 40-45% and 65% relative humidity (RH). Virus recovery and titration were performed on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 post-inoculation using PRRSV-permissive MARC-145 cells in 96-well tissue culture plates. The experiment was conducted in triplicate. At 4 °C/45% RH and 4 °C/65% RH, infectious PRRSV was recovered from both surfaces through day 7, at > 3.6 and 2.9 log TCID50, respectively. At 4 °C/45% RH, a significant reduction was observed by day 3 on PP and by day 1 on SS (P < 0.05), while at 4 °C/65% RH, titers remained stable through day 3 before declining. At 25 °C/40% RH, infectious virus was detectable until day 3 on PP and day 1 on SS, with significantly lower titers thereafter. At 25 °C/65% RH, no infectious virus was detected after day 0 on either surface. These results highlight the persistence of PRRSV under cooler, low-RH conditions and underscore the need for targeted controls to limit viral survival in swine production and feed handling environments.

Indexed as

FomitesPorcine Reproductive and Respiratory SyndromePorcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virusAnimalsCell LineHumidityPolypropylenesStainless SteelSwineTemperaturePolypropylenesStainless SteelEnvironmental contaminationInanimate surfacesSanitationSurvivabilitySwine health

Identifiers

PMID41359072

DOI10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122266

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.