Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41358792›Full record

ArticleVeterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association2026

Time Attenuation Curves for Equine Intravenous Contrast Enhanced Skull CT Using the Medial Saphenous and Cephalic Veins.

Kahlina Frey, Michael Perlini, Rachel Reed

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Time Attenuation Curves for Equine Intravenous Contrast Enhanced Skull CT Using the Medial Saphenous and Cephalic Veins.Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Kahlina FreyOneVision Veterinary Radiology, PLLC, Cary, North Carolina, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5907-494X
Michael PerliniDepartment of Large Animal Medicine, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Rachel ReedDepartment of Large Animal Medicine, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA.

Funding

College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia University of Georgia Intermural Grant "Love of the Horse"
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intravenous (IV) contrast administration during computed tomography (CT) of the equine head is routinely performed to delineate the extent of disease and differentiate between vascular and nonvascular tissue. Current equine scan protocols are extrapolated from human and canine studies. There have been no prospective equine studies describing the optimal time to image the patient after administration of contrast or the optimal site of contrast administration. Therefore, the current postcontrast times to scan and sites of contrast administration may not be appropriate for use in horses. The objective of this prospective crossover pilot study was to generate contrast enhancement curves for IV contrast injection via the medial saphenous vein and the cephalic vein. Both medial saphenous and cephalic venous contrast administration sites are effective for contrast-enhanced CT of the equine skull, with no pooling artifacts. Peak carotid artery enhancement occurred earlier than in the maxillary veins (109.12 s vs. 173.82 s).

Indexed as

Contrast MediaSaphenous VeinSkullTomography, X-Ray ComputedAnimalsCross-Over StudiesFemaleHorsesInjections, IntravenousMalePilot ProjectsProspective StudiesVeinsContrast Mediacephalic veinequinemedial saphenous vein

Identifiers

PMID41358792
PMCPMC12684315

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.