ArticleFrontiers in oncology2025
Association of tumor markers CA 15-3, CEA, and CA 125 with [
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and External Validation of an Interpretable Machine Learning Model Using Routine Blood Biomarkers for Differentiating Malignant Breast Nodules.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Integrating Serum Lipid Biomarkers Into Machine Learning for the Differential Diagnosis of Breast Nodules.The breast journal · 2026Article
- Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer often metastasizes to bone, and [ Methods: This retrospective study included 360 breast cancer patients who underwent [ Results: Among 360 patients (mean age 61.1 ± 13.9 years), median serum CA 15-3, CEA, and CA 125 levels were significantly elevated in patients with positive versus negative PET scans (all p<0.001). Marker levels revealed a dose-response relationship, rising with increasing numbers of skeletal lesions. In multivariable analysis, CA 15-3 (OR 1.053, p=0.002) and CEA (OR 1.264, p=0.001) independently predicted PET positivity, whereas CA 125 showed a marginal trend (p=0.081). ROC analysis identified optimal cut-offs of 19.25 U/mL for CA 15-3 (sensitivity 70.1%, specificity 90.4%, AUC 0.837) and 3.15 ng/mL for CEA (sensitivity 65.6%, specificity 85.2%, AUC 0.821). Combined model incorporating all three markers (probability cut-off 0.29) improved diagnostic performance (AUC 0.863; sensitivity 79.7%, specificity 92.3%). Invasive lobular histology and restaging indication were significant predictors of PET positivity. Conclusion: Elevated CA 15-3 and CEA independently predict [
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