ArticleFrontiers in oncology2025
Clinical features and HLA typing of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myasthenia gravis, myocarditis and myositis.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mapping the global landscape of research on immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated cardiotoxicity: A quantitative and visualized bibliometric study (2016-2025).Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myasthenia gravis and myocarditis: a fatal immune-related adverse event.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Immune-Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Related Cardiovascular Toxicities in Cancer: A Mechanistic Review of Molecular Pathways with AI-Assisted Literature Clustering.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Efgartigimod in the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myasthenia gravis -myositis overlap syndrome: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have significantly improved the therapeutic outcomes for various malignant tumors, but they may also trigger severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs), such as myositis, myocarditis and myasthenia gravis (MG). The mechanisms underlying these adverse reactions remain unclear and may be related to an individual's genetic background. Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) genes play a crucial role in immune regulation, and their polymorphism is closely related to the occurrence of various autoimmune diseases. Method: To clarify whether irAEs is associated with specific HLA typing, we analyzed 23 patients diagnosed with myositis, myocarditis and/or MG after receiving ICI therapy, and conducted HLA high-resolution typing detection using the PCR-SBT method. Results: Among the 14 patients with MG combined with myositis and myocarditis, the frequencies ofHLA-DQB1*03:03 and HLA-C*01:02 loci were higher than those in the normal population. In 9 patients with myositis and myocarditis, the frequency of HLA-B*52:01 locus was higher than that in the normal population. Conclusion: Our research findings reveal that patients carrying autoimmune susceptibility genes have a higher risk of developing irAEs when treated with ICI, specific HLA alleles may be associated with the risk of ICI-related MG/myositis/myocarditis, but further large-scale, multi-center validation is needed.
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