ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces salivary gland dysfunction and immune infiltration in C57BL/6 mice.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Salivary Gland Manifestations of Long COVID: A Case Report and Literature Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
Salivary gland dysfunction and inflammation are common following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 spike and envelope proteins on glandular function in healthy C57BL/6 mice through direct intra-glandular injection into the submandibular glands. Local administration of spike protein significantly reduced salivary secretion, while the envelope protein had no measurable impact. Histological analysis revealed the presence of leukocyte foci in two-thirds of spike protein-treated mice, while none were detected in the vehicle- or envelope protein-treated groups. Furthermore, spike protein treatment led to a significant increase in total immune cells and B cells, and an expansion of the CD44
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