ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Tuberculosis-triggered cytokine storm with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and tuberculous spondylitis in an apparently immunocompetent host: a case report and literature review.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to disseminated tuberculosis (TB) is a rare, life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome. We present a 60-year-old man with recurrent fever and syncope. Workup revealed cytopenias, hyperferritinemia (peak 5,802 ng/mL), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), and hepatic dysfunction, fulfilling HLH-2004 criteria. Imaging showed miliary lung nodules and tuberculous spondylitis at T9. Bone marrow biopsy confirmed hemophagocytosis, and next-generation sequencing identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This case demonstrates that disseminated TB can trigger a fulminant cytokine storm even in an elderly host without overt immunodeficiency. Successful outcomes require combined antitubercular and immunomodulatory therapy.
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