SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2025
Acetaminophen use and prognosis in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: evidence from a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and immunotherapy outcomes in lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis with complementary transcriptomic analyses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Paracetamol and Metformin Reduce NK-Cell Susceptibility in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells in Association with Enrichment of Immune-Evasive CD44International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Emerging studies have investigated the association between acetaminophen (APAP) use and clinical outcomes in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), but their findings remain inconsistent. This meta-analysis aims to systematically synthesize available evidence to clarify this relationship and provide evidence-based guidance for clinical practice. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed to identify studies comparing prognostic outcomes between APAP users and non-users among cancer patients treated with ICIs. Eligible studies were required to report hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and/or progression-free survival (PFS) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-analyses were conducted to derive pooled effect estimates. Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to assess publication bias, and sensitivity analyses via a leave-one-out approach were performed to evaluate the robustness of results. Results: Five studies encompassing 7 cohorts and 2,349 patients (1,306 APAP users and 1,043 non-users) were included. Pooled analyses revealed that concomitant APAP use was significantly associated with shorter OS (HR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.16-1.44) and PFS (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.12-1.43), as well as a trend toward a lower objective response rate (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.60-1.00). No significant publication bias was detected, and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. Conclusion: Current evidence indicates that APAP use is associated with poorer prognosis in cancer patients treated with ICIs. These results may inform clinical guidelines regarding concomitant APAP and ICI use. Further randomized controlled trials are warranted to validate these observations and establish causal relationships. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD420251118489.
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