ArticleCureus2025
Sociodemographic Determinants of Smoking Behavior Among Adults in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Early Initiation and Dual Patterns of Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use among Adults in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia:Saudi medical journal · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Smoking remains a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aims to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with smoking behavior among adults in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 551 adults aged 15-65 years was conducted between December 2024 and February 2025. Data were collected via a validated self-administered questionnaire distributed through WhatsApp (Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, CA). Associations between smoking status and sociodemographic variables (age, gender, education, income, and occupation) were analyzed using chi-square tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results Of 551 participants, 165 (29.9%) were current smokers, 328 (59.5%) non-smokers, and 58 (10.5%) passive smokers. Smoking prevalence was significantly higher among males (154, 37.8%) than among females (11, 7.6%) (p = 0.001). Participants with a diploma (45, 37.5%) had the highest smoking rate, while those with postgraduate degrees (nine, 17.6%) had the lowest (p = 0.003). Smoking was also associated with overweight status (65, 37.8%) and private-sector employment (63, 50.8%) (p < 0.05). Conclusion Smoking prevalence remains high among adults in the Eastern Province, particularly among men, those with lower educational levels, and private-sector workers. Educational attainment may act as a protective factor. These findings support the implementation of targeted public health strategies such as workplace-based smoking cessation programs, awareness campaigns focusing on low-education groups, and stricter enforcement of tobacco control policies to reduce smoking prevalence in high-risk populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.